Abstract
The platform of a microscopic traffic simulation provides an opportunity to study the driving behavior of vehicles on a roadway system. Compared to traditional conventional cars with human drivers, the car-following behaviors of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) would be quite different and hence require additional modeling efforts. This paper presents a thorough review of the literature on the car-following models used in prevalent micro-simulation tools for vehicles with both human and robot drivers. Specifically, the car-following logics such as the Wiedemann model and adaptive cruise control technology were reviewed based on the vehicle’s dynamic behavior and driving environments. In addition, some of the more recent “AV-ready (autonomous vehicles ready) tools” in micro-simulation platforms are also discussed in this paper.
Highlights
Models and Modeling Tools for Keywords: car-following models; microscopic traffic simulation; autonomous and connected vehicles; PTV Verkehr In Städten –SIMulationsmodell (VISSIM); autonomous vehicles (AVs)-ready
This paper presents a review of the car-following models used in prevalent microsimulation tools with the modeling capabilities of human and autonomous driving behaviors
The microsimulation tool provides an opportunity for the user and policymakers to investigate the anticipated impacts of mixed traffic by either modifying the internal car following model, i.e., driving behavior parameters or implement an external smart logic for AVs and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs)
Summary
The transport simulation models provide opportunities for decision-makers to evaluate the potential benefits and associated risks of future vehicle technologies and infrastructure automation. The microscopic-simulation models, on the other hand, records the behavior of all individual cars for each simulation time-step based on the directions given by car-following, lane-changing, and gap-acceptance algorithms. It models the complex urban street network systems, interchanges, pedestrian movements, traffic signals, multi-modal systems, and proposed mitigations for existing network problems. Among all the three categories of simulation modeling tools, since the micro-simulation presents the impact of each individual AVs on the road network, in the condition of low penetrations of AVs, the application of micro-simulation to analyze the behaviors of AVs would generate very useful information for their future development, which will be the focused review topic in this paper. The objective of this paper is to establish a comprehensive review of human and AV/CAVs car-following models and investigate the responses of microsimulation tools towards the performance of each model, which will be beneficial for users who are interested in advancing the modeling capacities of AV/CAVs
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