Abstract
The agro-industrial systems comprise activities which transform raw materials of agricultural, aquacultural, livestock and forestry industries from primary production stages to consumption. Pig farming stands out in national and international markets for agro-industrial processes such as slaughtering and meat processing. Although this sector positively contributes to the economies of several countries, the high flow of waste resulting from implementing integrated production systems has led to serious environmental consequences (e.g., polluted water bodies and Greenhouse Gases - GHGs emissions). Among the treatment methods, anaerobic digestion reduces the organic load of biomass in the absence of oxygen, generating biogas and organic fertilizer. However, there are limitations associated with high CH4 variability and low yield, resulting a minimal and slow implementation in Brazil. Some research has reported the use of mineral additives to optimize the digestion process. This study comprises a bibliographic review of pig farming systems and production models, followed by an analysis on a global scale and environmental consequences. It is also discussed the use of additive minerals which have been applied in anaerobic digestion of swine manure as well as some prospects for global advances with opportunities to mitigate GHGs and bottlenecks. Despite being a promising technology, detailed evaluations of the use of these additives and their implementation in treatment plants must still be carried out in such a way to understand the optimization of such process.
Highlights
Agribusiness comprises a group of activities which transforms raw materials derived from agriculture, aquaculture, livestock and forestry into products
Brazilian agribusiness contributes to 21.4% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), of which 60% is from the agroindustrial sector, which is responsible for a large part of Brazilian exports (Tooge, 2020; Tejon, 2019)
This study aims to disseminate data regarding the production of pig manure wastes in Brazil and other countries, focusing on possible applications of anaerobic digestion (AD) systems in pig farming
Summary
Agribusiness comprises a group of activities which transforms raw materials derived from agriculture, aquaculture, livestock and forestry into products. The world production resulted 1.2 trillion pigs, with China as the leader with 696 million heads, followed by the European Union (265.8 million heads), the United States (121.4 million heads), Russia (39.7 million heads) and Brazil (39 million heads) (USDA, 2016) This sector contributes positively to the economic balance of several countries, the intensification of agricultural production over the last decades has generated large amounts of manure concentrated in very specific areas (Clusters), resulting difficulties in operational management due to geographical concentrations and causing negative impacts to the environment. It is analyzed the historical characteristics of agro-industrial systems, the levels of pig farming production worldwide, environmental consequences of pig farming, ideal conditions of some variables in AD systems, prospects for global advances, limitations and advantages of optimizing AD systems by using mineral additives focusing on pilot scale project and agro-industrial projects
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