Abstract
Cell microinjection is a technique of precise delivery of substances into cells and is widely used for studying cell transfection, signaling pathways, and organelle functions. Microinjection of the embryos of zebrafish, the third most important animal model, has become a very useful technique in bioscience. However, factors such as the small cell size, high cell deformation tendency, and transparent zebrafish embryo membrane make the microinjection process difficult. Furthermore, this process has strict, specific requirements, such as chorion softening, avoiding contacting the first polar body, and high-precision detection. Therefore, highly accurate control and detection platforms are critical for achieving the automated microinjection of zebrafish embryos. This article reviews the latest technologies and methods used in the automated microinjection of zebrafish embryos and provides a detailed description of the current developments and applications of robotic microinjection systems. The review covers key areas related to automated embryo injection, including cell searching and location, cell position and posture adjustment, microscopic visual servoing control, sensors, actuators, puncturing mechanisms, and microinjection.
Highlights
They are ideal for DNA or mRNA injection, cell labeling, and zebrafish embryo microinjection (ZEM) has been widely used in many fields, such as transplantation
The microfluidic method based on the flow characteristics of fluids controls the cell position and posture by generating a controllable microfluidic field at microscale
Läubli [131] used an acoustic wave-based microfluidic device that generates a local vortex by resonant acoustic excitation of air-filled microbubbles, allowing the cells to rotate in a controlled resonant acoustic excitation of air-filled microbubbles, allowing the cells to rotate in a controlled 3D
Summary
Yuliang Zhao 1 , Hui Sun 1, *, Xiaopeng Sha 1, *, Lijia Gu 1 , Zhikun Zhan 2 and Wen J.
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