Abstract
Inflammation is a generalized, nonspecific, and beneficial host response of foreign challenge or tissue injury. However, prolonged inflammation is undesirable. It will cause loss function of involve organs, such as heat, pain redness, and swelling. Marine natural products have gained more and more attention due to their unique mechanism of anti-inflammatory action, and have considered a hotspot for anti-inflammatory drug development. Marine-derived fungi are promising sources of structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products. So far, a plethora of new secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory activities from marine-derived fungi had been widely reported. This review covers 133 fungal metabolites described in the period of 2000 to 2018, including the structures and origins of these secondary metabolites.
Highlights
Inflammation has been described as the general, complex, and beneficial immune system in response to external challenges or tissue damage [1]
INOS in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by LPS
Compound 128 suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), and these inhibitory effects were correlated with down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 macroglia cells with IC50 values ranging from 27.63 to 40.52 μM [71]
Summary
Inflammation has been described as the general, complex, and beneficial immune system in response to external challenges or tissue damage [1]. In addition to NF-κB activation, another important pathway, MAPK signal pathway such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p38 MAPK, and cJun NH2 -terminal kinases (JNK) [7], can be activated by inflammation and regulates the transcription of various inflammatory-related genes overexpress the downstream inflammatory response [10]. Marine-derived fungi play a vital role in the discovery of new Especially, marine-derived fungi play a vital role in the discovery of new anti-inflammatory drugs. Many novel secondary metabolites showing potent anti-inflammatory activities have been discovered activities have been discovered from fungi residing in or on algae, sediments, water, and corals. These activities even stronger than these of the positive control [23] These compounds will emerge compounds will emerge new lead structures for potential as new lead structures foras potential anti-inflammatory drugs. These compounds will emerge compounds will emerge new lead structures for potential as new lead structures foras potential anti-inflammatory drugs. anti-inflammatory drugs
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