Abstract
The excessive ammonia produced in pond aquaculture processes cannot be ignored. In this review, we present the distribution and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in the pond environment. Combined with environmental conditions, we analyze the advantages of AOA and AnAOB in aquaculture water treatment and discuss the current situation of pond water treatment engineering involving these microbes. AOA and AnAOB play an important role in the nitrogen removal process of aquaculture pond water, especially in seasonal low temperatures and anoxic sediment layers. Finally, we prospect the application of bioreactors to purify pond aquaculture water using AOA and AnAOB, in autotrophic nitrogen removal, which can reduce the production of greenhouse gases (such as nitrous oxide) and is conducive to the development of environmentally sustainable pond aquaculture.
Highlights
China is the largest aquaculture country in the world, and the proportion of aquaculture in fish production increased to 73.7% in 2016 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2018)
The purpose of this review is to explore the establishment of efficient pond aquaculture water treatment technology based on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB)
AOA replaces ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) for ammonia oxidation, and AnAOB replaces heterotrophic denitrification, to some extent, which can reduce the production of greenhouse gases and is conducive to the development of environmentally sustainable pond aquaculture
Summary
China is the largest aquaculture country in the world, and the proportion of aquaculture in fish production increased to 73.7% in 2016 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2018). Part of the organic nitrogen is transformed to NH4+-N by ammoniation of heterotrophic bacteria and is released into the aquaculture water, resulting in the pollution of aquaculture water and stress on the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The release of pond aquaculture water can cause the eutrophication of the surrounding water environment. With the increase of pond aquaculture density and total yield, more and more ammonia is produced. In 2017, the ammonia emissions from aquaculture reached 22,300 tons in China, accounting for 10.31% of agricultural ammonia emissions (Ministry of Ecological Environment et al, 2020). The amount of ammonia produced by aquaculture in China cannot be ignored
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