Abstract
Phased microphone arrays have become a well-established tool for performing aeroacoustic measurements in wind tunnels (both open-jet and closed-section), flying aircraft, and engine test beds. This paper provides a review of the most well-known and state-of-the-art acoustic imaging methods and recommendations on when to use them. Several exemplary results showing the performance of most methods in aeroacoustic applications are included. This manuscript provides a general introduction to aeroacoustic measurements for non-experienced microphone-array users as well as a broad overview for general aeroacoustic experts.
Highlights
Aircraft noise is an important social issue
The application of the diagonal removal method aforementioned to functional beamforming is even more prone to errors, since this algorithm is based on the eigenvalue decomposition of the cross-spectral matrix (CSM)
Embedded versions of DAMAS2 and a Fourier-based nonnegative least-squares (NNLS) approach of DAMAS were proposed by Ehrenfried and Koop [127] which do account for the shift variation of the point spread function (PSF) and are potential faster alternatives compared to the original DAMAS algorithm
Summary
Aircraft noise is an important social issue. To reduce the noise levels generated by flying aircraft, it is essential to accurately determine and analyze all the possible noise sources on board. Individual microphones only provide total noise levels, but do not give information about the locations and strengths of individual sound sources, such as engines, landing gears ,and high-lift devices. The introduction of the phased microphone array solved this issue. A brief historical background and the main applications of phased microphone arrays for aeroacoustic measurements are summarized in the following subsections
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