Abstract
BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity and accounts for 70% to 90% of all oral malignant neoplasms. The aim of this study was to examine the demographic distribution of OSCC in five Tertiary Health centres in Nigeria.Material and MethodsAll cases diagnosed as OSCC during the period from 1970 -2014 were retrieved from the records of five teaching hospitals in Nigeria. Hematoxylin and eosin stained histological slides of all cases that had a diagnosis of OSCC were reviewed for confirmation and inclusion. Data from all the centers was collated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan by 2 researchers. The data was entered into and analyzed with the SPSS for Windows (version 20.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). Simple descriptive and comparative analyses were done, with the test of statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsA total of 640 cases of OSCC were seen out of 1560 oral malignant neoplasms representing 41% of all the oral malignancies seen. The mean age of occurence of OSCC was 55.5 (±17.0) years and a peak age incidence in the sixth and seventh decades of life. OSCC occurred more in males (60.9%) than females (39.1%) with a male: female ratio of 1.6:1. The well differentiated OSCC with 309 (48.3%) cases, was the most common grade, while the moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC accounted for 232 (36.2%) and 92 (14.4%) cases respectively.ConclusionsThis study showed that OSCC is more common in males, most commonly seen in the 60-69 age group and the commonest site of occurrence was the mandibular mucosa. The well differentiated OSCC was the most common histology sub-type. Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, tongue, palate, mandible.
Highlights
According to World Health Organization, carcinoma of oral cavity in males in developing countries, is the sixth commonest cancer after lung, prostrate, colorectal, stomach and bladder cancer, while in females, it is the tenth commonest site of cancer after breast, colorectal, lung, stomach, uterus, cervix, ovary, bladder and liver [1]
The finding of this study that Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes 41% of all oral malignancies was in sharp contrast to most previous studies which showed that OSCC accounts for 70-95% of all oral malignancies [3,11,12,13]
Choi et al [15] from Korea, Dimba et al [16] from Kenya and Iamaroon et al [17] from Thailand reported 20.4%, 20.1% and 42.8% occurrence of OSCC in the tongue respectively. Results from this present study found that the mandibular mucosa with 26.4% of cases was the most common site while only 9.2% occurred in the tongue which was in agreement with studies by Chidzonga et al [3] and Effiom et al [18] who reported highest incidence in the mandibular gingiva with values of 21.1% and 31.8% in mandibular gingiva respectively
Summary
According to World Health Organization, carcinoma of oral cavity in males in developing countries, is the sixth commonest cancer after lung, prostrate, colorectal, stomach and bladder cancer, while in females, it is the tenth commonest site of cancer after breast, colorectal, lung, stomach, uterus, cervix, ovary, bladder and liver [1]. OSCC occurs most often in males who are above 40 years of age [5,6]. The aim of this study was to analyse the demographic distribution of OSCC in five tertiary Health facilities in Nigeria. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity and accounts for 70% to 90% of all oral malignant neoplasms. The aim of this study was to examine the demographic distribution of OSCC in five Tertiary Health centres in Nigeria. Material and Methods: All cases diagnosed as OSCC during the period from 1970 -2014 were retrieved from the records of five teaching hospitals in Nigeria. The mean age of occurence of OSCC was 55.5 (±17.0) years and a peak age incidence in the sixth and seventh decades of life. The well differentiated OSCC was the most common histology sub-type
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