Abstract
Modern structural engineering is impossible without the use of materials and structures with high strength and low specific weight. This work carries out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles for 2016–2021 on the topic of welding of dissimilar alloys. It is found that laser welding is most widely used for such metal pairs as Al/Fe, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu. The paper analyzes the influence of the basic techniques, methods, and means of laser welding of Al/Fe, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu on the mechanical properties and thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC). When welding the lap joint or spike T-joint configuration of Al/Fe, it is preferable to melt the steel, which will be heated or melted, by the laser beam, and through thermal conduction, it will heat the aluminum. When welding the butt-welded joint of Al/Fe, the most preferable is to melt the aluminum by the laser beam (150–160 MPa). When welding the butt-welded joint of Al/Ti, it is possible to obtain the minimum IMC and maximum mechanical properties by offsetting the laser beam to aluminum. Whereas when the laser beam is offset to a titanium alloy, the mechanical properties are 40–50% lower than when the laser beam is offset to an aluminum alloy. When lap welding the Al/Cu joint, under the impact of the laser beam on the aluminum, using defocusing or wobbling (oscillation) of a laser beam, it is possible to increase the contact area of electrical conductivity with the tensile shear strength of 95–128 MPa.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Filippo BertoThe primary trend of modern structural engineering is the use of materials and structures with high strength and low specific gravity, which helps to reduce the weight of the final product [1,2,3,4]
T-joint, using the inclination angle of the laser beam, we can adjust the penetration depth into metal 1 or metal 2, which will affect metallurgical processes. Joint types such as edge or double-flanged edge joints will have advantages when welding-brazing with filler material, or when welding metals, having a low absorption coefficient of laser irradiation, the laser beam will be reflected between the edges, which will increase melting [21]
Laser welding is a promising method for joining dissimilar metals due to its precision of action when aiming a laser beam, the ability to accurately control heat input, especially using a laser spot of small diameter (50–70 μm)
Summary
The primary trend of modern structural engineering is the use of materials and structures with high strength and low specific gravity, which helps to reduce the weight of the final product [1,2,3,4]. An example of such materials is multi-materials or hybrid structures, consisting of several dissimilar metal alloys connected by welding, bolting, or brazing [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. An understanding of the physical, chemical and metallurgical processes occurring when joining dissimilar materials is the basis for choosing the type and method of welding, welding techniques and technology to obtain a joint with the required characteristics
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