A review in titanium-zirconium binary alloy for use in dental implants: Is there an ideal Ti-Zr composing ratio?

Abstract

Binary titanium-zirconium alloys have been studied as promising alternatives for Ti implants. The commercial Ti-15Zr alloy (Roxolid, Straumann) has been the major subject of numerous binary Ti-Zr alloys-related studies and has gained wide recognition in laboratory studies and clinical practices. However, binary Ti-Zr alloys of other composition ratios are still being investigated by researchers. This review aims to provide information on the potential of binary Ti-Zr alloys other than Ti-15Zr as implant materials in terms of mechanical strengths, chemical or electrochemical corrosion resistance capabilities, and biological performances. In addition, in this review, the Ti-15Zr alloy is discussed only when compared with other binary Ti-Zr alloys. From the included 26 studies, it is confirmed that the mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and biological properties of Ti-Zr alloys are related to the Ti and Zr composition ratio in the alloy, phase, manufacturing process, and surface treatment. Among the studied alloys, α-or α′ phase-Ti-5 wt, 45 wt/30at, and 50 wt. %Zr exhibited relatively more promising results for further investigation. More research is necessary to evaluate the potential for future use of these materials for implants.