Abstract
Oral cancer poses a serious threat worldwide owing to its soaring case-fatality rate and its metastatic characteristics of spreading to the other parts of the body. Despite the recent breakthroughs in biomedical sciences, the detection of oral cancer at an early stage is still challenging. Conventional diagnosis in clinics and optical techniques to detect oral cancer in the initial stages are quite complicated as well as not completely accurate. To enhance the survival rate of oral cancer patients, it is important to investigate the novel methodologies that can provide faster, simpler, non-invasive, and yet ultraprecise detection of the onset of oral cancer. In this review, we demonstrate the promising aspects of an electrochemical biosensor as an ideal tool for oral cancer detection. We discuss the cutting-edge methodologies utilizing various electrochemical biosensors targeting the different kinds of biomarkers. In particular, we emphasize on electrochemical biosensors working at the molecular levels, which can be classified into mainly three types: DNA biosensors, RNA biosensors and protein biosensors according to the types of the analytes. Furthermore, we focus on the significant electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze the oral cancer biomarkers (such as IL-6, IL-8, CYFRA 21-1, CD 59 and CIP2A) present in body fluids including saliva and serum, using non-invasive manner. Hence, this review provides essential insights into the development of pioneering electrochemical biosensors for the detection of oral cancer at an early stage.
Highlights
Cancers occurring in the oral cavity are among the most common malignancies in developed countries [1,2]
Choudhary and coworkers developed a label-free impedimetric immunosensor to this review, DNA biosensor, RNAThe biosensor and protein biosensor for several salivary diagnose In oral cancer by detecting immunosensor probe was fabricated by immobilizing biomarkers
The major challenge faced in developing such a diagnostic system accounts for
Summary
Yen-Tzu Lin 1,† , Sorour Darvishi 2,† , Anant Preet 1 , Tzu-Yen Huang 3 , Sheng-Hsuan Lin 4 , Hubert H. Girault 2 , Ligang Wang 2 and Tzu-En Lin 1, *. The first and second author contributed to the work
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