A Review: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies [ACTs] and K13 Polymorphism

A Ahmad,S Ahmad

doi:10.37871/jels1124

Abstract

Malaria is caused by four plasmodium species in humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale) which spread from one person to another via the bite of female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum causes most deaths from malaria [1] and is most prevalent on the African continent whereas P. vivax has a wider geographical distribution [2]. According to the latest WHO estimates, released in December 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria in 2015 and 438,000 deaths [3]. Existing strategies to control malaria include vector control, chemoprevention and case management [4]. Without a fruitful antibody that would offer security against malaria, we have to depend on anti-malarial prescription to treat just as lessen the odds of getting the disease [5-8]. Artemisinin in mix with other moderate acting medications is suggested for the treatment of P. falciparum [9,10].

Highlights

Malaria is a disease caused by an apicomplexan parasite, plasmodium
Identifying the proteins involved in the invasion of red blood cell by the malaria parasite is commonly used to identify novel blood stage vaccine candidates [29].The malaria parasite life cycle involves two distinct hosts, mosquito and humans [30]
The most critical benchmark in the study of ART resistance was the identification of single point mutations in the propeller region of P. falciparumkelch protein gene on chromosome 13 (PfK13) as a molecular marker associated with delayed parasite clearance in vitro and in vivo [28]

Summary

Introduction

Malaria is a disease caused by an apicomplexan parasite, plasmodium. It can be life threatening and fatal if not treated promptly [11]. The most advanced vaccine candidate is RTS,S/ AS01 against the most deadly form of human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum [21]. It is a recombinant protein candidate malaria vaccine that targets the P. falciparumcircumsporozoite protein [22].

Results

Conclusion