A review and outlook in the treatment of osteosarcoma and other deep tumors with photodynamic therapy: from basic to deep.

Wei Yu,Junjie Wang,Chengyi Ye,Weijing Fang,Kaishun Xia,Minzu Wu,Bing Liu,Huimin Tao,Jian Zhu,Jianlin Shao,Yitian Wang,Chengzhen Liang

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16243

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy, one of the most promising minimally invasive treatments, has received increasing focus in tumor therapy research, which has been widely applied in treating superficial tumors. Three basic factors - photosensitizer, the light source, and oxidative stress - are responsible for tumor cell cytotoxicity. However, due to insufficient luminous flux and peripheral tissue damage, the utilization of photodynamic therapy is facing a huge limitation in deep tumor therapy. Osteosarcoma is the typical deep tumor, which is the most commonly occurring malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite developments in surgery, high risks of the amputation still threatens the health of osteosarcoma patients. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the field of photodynamic therapy and specifically PDT research in OS treatment modalities. In addition, we also provide some novel suggestions, which could potentially be a breakthrough in PDT-induced OS therapies. PDT has the potential to become an effective therapy while the its limitations still present when applied on the treatment of OS or other types of deep tumors. Thus, more researches and studies in the field are required.

Highlights

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone sarcoma in humans, ordinarily manifesting as osteogenesis by malignant cells [1]
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been discussed for a long time because of its cross-disciplines in tumor therapy
The limitations of PDT are obvious in treating deep tumors, especially OS

Summary

Introduction

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone sarcoma in humans, ordinarily manifesting as osteogenesis by malignant cells [1]. Sun’s research showed that hiporfin-PDT had an anti-tumor effect to the OS cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M in vitro [14]. One of the most recent studies has shown that ROS produced after irradiation can promote the transformation of LC3 II, which activates the phosphorylation of JNK, leading to JNK-dependent autophagy in OS cell lines, MG63 cells.

Results

Conclusion