A REVIEW AND CURRENT SITUATION OF PCOS WITH INFERTILITY

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens. PCOS causes an imbalance of androgen hormones and causes many of the symptoms of the disorder. It affects about 8-10% of all women of reproductive age and 22% in India. If lifestyle changes are not successful in controlling the symptoms of PCOS, then women may be advised to consider weight loss surgery.In some cases, the weight loss surgery may be combined with hormonal therapy.This treatment aims to achieve even greater weight loss, which may lead to the reduction of excessive facial and body hair. Too much testosterone can also interfere with the development of the follicles (the sacs in the ovaries where eggs develop) and prevents normal ovulation (the release of a mature egg). Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) is common in women with PCOS. Excess androgens can be induced by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, as they cause a reduction in sex hormone binding globulin levels, which lead to a subsequent increase in free androgens and unfavourable metabolic profiles. The ovarian PCOS morphological traits of enlarged, multi-cystic ovaries and theca interstitial hyperplasia are reported in women who are subjected to high levels of androgens as a result of endogenous adrenal androgen hyper secretion in congenital adrenal hyperplasia treatment in female-to-male transsexuals. Even if an egg is released, the uterus lining or the endometrial may not be ready for pregnancy Symptoms of PCOS The following symptoms will help you understand PCOS occurrence: Irregularity in menstrual cycles or lack of cycles Excessive body or facial hair is seen in teens and females in their 20s The condition worsens over the years with an increase in hair growth It is due to the surplus testosterone and androstenedione that results in high male hormone production in females in their blood. Reproductive age, approx 10% of women are affected by this syndrome, with common symptoms including weight gain, irregular periods, acne, an increase in body hair, and infertility due to ovulation failure.