Abstract
The globe is presently reliant on natural resources, fossil fuels, and crude oil to support the world’s energy requirements. Human exploration for oil resources is always associated with irreversible effects. Primary sources of hydrocarbon pollution are instigated through oil exploration, extraction, and transportation in the Arctic region. To address the state of pollution, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and processes of the bioremediation of hydrocarbons. The application of various microbial communities originated from the Arctic can provide a better interpretation on the mechanisms of specific microbes in the biodegradation process. The composition of oil and consequences of hydrocarbon pollutants to the various marine environments are also discussed in this paper. An overview of emerging trends on literature or research publications published in the last decade was compiled via bibliometric analysis in relation to the topic of interest, which is the microbial community present in the Arctic and Antarctic marine environments. This review also presents the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community present in the Arctic, biodegradation metabolic pathways (enzymatic level), and capacity of microbial degradation from the perspective of metagenomics. The limitations are stated and recommendations are proposed for future research prospects on biodegradation of oil contaminants by microbial community at the low temperature regions of the Arctic.
Highlights
Marine vessels operate with two types of fuel oil: (1) distillate fuel including marine diesel oil (MDO) and marine gas oil (MGO) and (2) residual fuel such as IFO variants and heavy fuel oil (HFO), all fuels that are derived from crude oil [5,6]
Our bibliometric analysis showed that the research output in the bioremediation or biodegradation of hydrocarbons by Arctic marine microbial communities outnumber those for the Antarctic marine environment
Bibliometric analysis is valuable to identify the gaps of knowledge in the field of study
Summary
A comparative bibliometric analysis was employed to analyze the current research trends on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by the microbial communities in the Arctic and Antarctic marine environments. 2. Application of Microbial Community in Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Arctic and Antarctic Marine Environments: Comparative Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review. The analysis and evaluation of current trends were employed through a data searching of the “Scopus” database produced by Elsevier [17] This powerful database is reliable and provides substantial information on indexed journals, publications, and a large collection of abstracts and citations encompassing a broad range of subjects [18]. The occurrence of keywords, publications in countries or territories, affiliations, most productive journals, authors, and most cited documents were analyzed and organized in various visualization representations
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