A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF REPORTED DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN LARGE FELIDS IN AUSTRALIAN ZOOS.

Abstract

Disorders of the oral cavity are conditions reported by veterinarians that impact the health and welfare of large felids in human care. There have been no studies documenting the prevalence of these conditions and species affected in Australian zoos. A review of the medical records of lions (Panthera leo), tigers (Panthera tigris), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), jaguars (Puma onca), snow leopards (Panthera uncia), Persian leopards (Panthera pardus saxicolor), and cougars (Puma concolor) from 10 Australian zoos and an online survey of zoo professionals from Australian and New Zealand zoos was performed to determine the recorded prevalence of disorders of the oral cavity in these species. Preliminary assessments were also made to determine if there was an association between the occurrence of tooth fractures and diet, feeding practices, species, sex, and age of the animal. The study also examined associations of these conditions with behavior, such as fighting, and husbandry practices, such as the provision of enrichment items. The review found that tooth fractures were common in tigers and lions greater than 8 yr of age. Animal caregivers attributed this to animals chewing on large, hard pieces of bone in some instances, but this could not be verified. Instances of bones being lodged between canine teeth were observed and appeared to be related to the feeding of bones of inappropriate size. Based on these findings, it is recommended that guidelines for bone size fed be developed and that animals over the age of 8 yr receive regular dental examinations under general anesthesia.