A Retrospective Study of Clinical Profile, Management, and Evaluation of Early Outcomes in Endovascular Carotid Artery Stenting for Carotid Artery Stenosis: Our Institutional Experience

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical profile and management of carotid artery stenosis in the Indian population treated by endovascular modalities. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 54 patients with carotid artery stenosis treated at a tertiary care centre for 5 years between November 2018 and February 2023. Endovascular carotid artery stenting (CAS) was performed in all patients, and post-procedural imaging was done to assess the extent of restoration of blood flow through the stenosed segment and cerebral blood flow. Patients were followed up to 6 months post-procedure. Results: Fifty-four patients underwent carotid stenting. Four (7.4%) patients were asymptomatic and 50 (92.6%) were symptomatic. Total male patients were 39 (72.2%) and female patients were 15 (27.7%). Age of these patients ranged from 37 to 77 years, with the average age being 60.8 years. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (88.88%), followed by diabetes mellitus (48.14%). Post-procedure brain and carotid angiogram showed no evidence of restenosis. Two patients had developed post-procedure haemorrhagic stroke, and one patient developed a pseudoaneurysm at the access site of the right femoral artery. Conclusion: Our study showed CAS is a safe and minimally invasive procedure in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Managing comorbidities is equally important. The procedure enabled the patients to have an early discharge and minimal limitation of daily activities.