A retrospective study of bladder cancer and the impact of age, sex and smoking habits with related clinicopathological correlations in the tribal population of Bankura,WB,India.

Abstract

Aim: To determine the impact of age, gender and smoking on the clinicopathological characteristics of histologically confirmed bladder cancer in the tribal population of Eastern India. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to December 2012, records of patients with bladder cancer were evaluated for age and gender at presentation, clinical symptoms, cystoscopic finding, history of smoking, and histopathological characteristics. A total of 264 patients were identified from the hospital information system and the case files of patients. Results:. The incidence of 4.85 % among the total cancer patients is slightly higher than the national average . The median age was 57 years old and the male to female ratio was 6.2:1. Most common presenting symptom was painless hematuria (91%). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common histological variety (96.59%). A total of 38.25% of the patients had muscle invasive disease at the time of presentation. Low grade tumors were higher in females and non- smokers being statistically significant. Conclusion: TCC is the predominant cancer, with significant male preponderance among tribal populations in Eastern Indians. Younger-aged, females and non smoker patients have low-grade disease. Hematuria is the most common presentation and greater awareness is needed not to overlook bladder cancer. Keywords: Bladder cancer. transitional cell carcinoma, smoking