Abstract
BackgroundFew epidemiological studies have been performed to clarify the association between glucose metabolism disorders in early adults (20 years old) and physiological and environmental factors, including body mass index (BMI) in junior high school days. Therefore, we examined the association between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and body size (BMI) in early adulthood and lifestyles, including sleep habits and BMI in junior high school days in Shika town, a small town in Japan, by conducting a retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe examined the HbA1c levels and body size (BMI) of 99 early adults who turned 20 years old between 2016 and 2020 and were residing in Shika town, Ishikawa Prefecture. We obtained the information on lifestyles and living environment factors, including BMI, from a questionnaire survey conducted among the subjects during their junior high school days (13–15 years old) from 2009 to 2013.ResultsNo correlations were observed between the HbA1c levels and the BMI values of the early adults. A two-way analysis of covariance (with the HbA1c levels and BMI values of the early adults as main factors) of the body size and lifestyle habits of the junior high school students revealed that “sleep quality in junior high school” was significantly poorer in the high HbA1c group than in the low HbA1c group in the early adults with high BMI values only. This result was also supported by the logistic regression analysis result.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that poor sleep quality in junior high school was associated with the high HbA1c levels of the early adults with higher BMI values, which suggests that good sleep quality in junior high school prevents the development of hyperglycemia. However, the present study did not find any relationship between early-adult BMI and HbA1c level.
Highlights
Few epidemiological studies have been performed to clarify the association between glucose metabo‐ lism disorders in early adults (20 years old) and physiological and environmental factors, including body mass index (BMI) in junior high school days
The present study did not find any relationship between earlyadult BMI and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level
Logistic regression analysis of sleep in junior high school for early‐adult HbA1c levels After stratification according to early-adult BMI, we examined the effects of sleep in junior high school on early-adult HbA1c level by using a multiple logistic regression analysis, which included sex, “sleep quality,” exercise habits, snacking habits in junior high school, and family history of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as independent variables (Table 4)
Summary
Few epidemiological studies have been performed to clarify the association between glucose metabo‐ lism disorders in early adults (20 years old) and physiological and environmental factors, including body mass index (BMI) in junior high school days. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescents and young adults is markedly increasing worldwide [1], in the West Coast of the United States and Southeast Asia [2]. Environmental factors such as obesity, unhealthy diet, psychological stress, and physical inactivity, in addition to genetic factors, contribute to the development of T2DM [3,4,5]. Hypothesizing the effect of the living environment, BMI,and lifestyle factors such as sleep in junior high school students on their subsequent glucose metabolism, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using early adulthood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level as the index
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