A Retrospective Analysis of Distal Fibula Fractures Treated With Intramedullary Fibular Nail Fixation

Abstract

There is growing literature supporting the use of intramedullary fixation for fracture care because of its smaller incisions, improved biomechanical outcomes, and faster time to weightbearing than traditional internal fixation methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the postoperative outcomes in ankle fractures treated with intramedullary nail fixation in the largest patient cohort to date. From 2015 to 2021, 151 patients were evaluated following surgical treatment of fibular fractures with intramedullary nail fixation. Patients were identified through a medical record database search for appropriate ankle fracture procedure codes. Patient information was reviewed for fracture type, adjunct procedures, time to weightbearing and postoperative complications. Radiographs were assessed for quality and time to radiographic union. The mean time to weightbearing was 4.8 weeks. Minor wound dehiscence was identified in 2 patients (1.3%). Superficial infection was present in 4 patients (2.6%) and a deep infection developed in 2 patients (1.3%). Two patients developed a nonunion (1.5%). There were no DVTs reported, although 1 patient developed a PE postoperatively. Radiographic quality of reduction and time to union is comparable to literature reported plate and screw construct outcomes. Reduction was classified as good in 86.1% of patients and radiographic union was appreciated in 98.5% of patients. This is the largest cohort study evaluating the outcomes of intramedullary nail fixation for ORIF of ankle fractures. These data reinforce that intramedullary nailing provides a minimally invasive approach with accurate anatomic reduction, excellent fracture union rates, low complication rates, and an early return to weightbearing.