A retrospective analysis of complex proximal humerus fractures managed with reverse shoulder arthroplasty in a level 1 trauma center

Abstract

BackgroundThe treatment of complex 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in the elderly poses significant challenges because of osteoporosis and fracture comminution. The wide range of surgical options available is evidence of the complex nature of the injury. At present, reverse shoulder replacement is gaining popularity among shoulder surgeons for treating these difficult fractures, and the literature has shown equivalent or superior outcomes with reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). We aimed to analyze the long-term results of these complex PHF treated with reverse shoulder replacement. MethodsFor this study, fractures from 39 patients with a mean age of 63.18 years who were treated with RSA for acute complex fractures of the proximal humerus in our institution between 2013 and 2019 were analyzed (n = 31, acute 4-part fractures; n = 4, acute fracture–dislocation; n = 3, fracture with irreparable cuff tear; n = 1, osteoporotic 2-part fracture). All patients had a standard reverse shoulder replacement (cemented humeral stem n = 37 and uncemented stem n = 2) surgery in a level 1 trauma center. The mean follow-up duration was 60 months (24-111 months). The clinical outcomes (Oxford Shoulder Score and Constant Shoulder Score) and the complications at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months were analyzed. ResultsOur study found a relatively younger population, with 21 patients (53.84%) aged <66 years. Spearman's correlation showed that younger patients had better signs of improvement in Oxford Shoulder Scores at 2 years (P = .008). The average Oxford Shoulder Score was 39.12 ± 4.327, and the average Constant Shoulder Score was 67.67 on the operated side. The mean active forward elevation was 142.56 ± 22.29º, abduction was 136.538 ± 24.31º, external rotation was 27 ± 9.011º, and internal rotation was 33 ± 20.41º. The overall complication rate of 17.94% (periprosthetic infection n = 2, periprosthetic humerus fracture n = 1, and hematoma evacuation n = 4) in our study was similar to those of recent studies in the literature. ConclusionRSA provides a reliable option for PHFs and offers good results in the form of pain relief and good functional outcomes at 2 years even in a younger age group. Thus, it is fast becoming an important option in treating complex PHF, but we must be wary of the steep learning curve and the complications pertinent to this procedure.