Abstract
ABSTRACT There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018. Laboratory records from the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), a National Veterinary Diagnostic Facility located at Makerere University, were reviewed. Archived isolates of the causative bacteria for the two diseases were also evaluated for AMR. The frequencies of the two disease conditions, their clinical and necropsy presentations and the demographic data of the diagnostic samples were summarized from the records. Archived bacterial isolates were revived before antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This was done on Mueller Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method, against 16 antimicrobials of medical and veterinary importance according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 697 poultry cases were presented for bacteriological investigations in the review period. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis had prevalence rates of 39.7% (277/697) and 16.2% (113/697), respectively. A total of 63 and 92 isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively, were archived but 43 (68.3%) E. coli and 47 (51.1%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered and evaluated for AMR. Multidrug resistance was more frequent in E. coli (38; 88.4%) than salmonellae (25; 53.2%), (p < 0.001). The high prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and the AMR of associated pathogens warrants immediate institution of appropriate disease control measures.
Highlights
Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis have been reported to be among the major bacterial diseases hampering poultry production globally including Uganda [1,2]
This was a retrospective study conducted on poultry cases of colibacillosis and salmonellosis diagnosed between January 2012 and December 2018 at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Uganda
All cases of colibacillosis and salmonellosis as well as isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. archived and recovered from the clinical cases of poultry presented to the laboratory during this period were included in this investigation
Summary
Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis have been reported to be among the major bacterial diseases hampering poultry production globally including Uganda [1,2] They are both caused by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family [3]. Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum are exclusively pathogenic to avian species whereas non-typhoidal salmonellae including Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium serovars are ubiquitous and cause clinical infections in a wide range of animals including humans. They present great poultry health and public health challenges [7,8]
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