Abstract
Purpose. The purpose is to reduce mineral losses during the explosive destruction of rocks and environmental pollution by harmful gases and fine particulate matter. Methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, methods of physicochemical analysis and mechanics of continuous media have been used. The method of physico-chemical analysis has been used to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the composition of the well stemming depending on the parameters of the well, the type of explosive, the amount and type of harmful gases formed during the explosion. Methods of solid medium mechanics have been used to establish the patterns of pressure waves during an explosion depending on the characteristics of the gap filler between the charge and the well wall. To solve the problem of the behavior of a two-layer medium during the loading of a cylindrical cavity by a nonstationary load, a numerical method based on the finite-difference McCormack predictor-corrector scheme has been used. Findings. A resource-saving and environmentally friendly charge structure for rock mining by explosion was developed. The design of the charge involves the formation of a gap between the charge and the wall of the borehole, and filling it with a suspension of calcium hydroxide or a suspension of calcium carbonate. Originality. SThe dependences of the volume of harmful gases (NO2, CO2, CO) formed during the explosive destruction of rocks and the magnitude of the pressure peak in the area close to the charge on the chemical composition of the filler of the radial gap between the charge and the well wall have been set. Practical implications. Developed charge design allows to neutralize the harmful gases formed during the explosion, to reduce the pressure peak in the area of the rock massif close to the charge, and can be widely used in non-metallic quarries that extract minerals for the production of crushed stone.
Highlights
IntroductionA significant amount of harm-The main anthropogenic factors of environmental pollution include, first of all, large industrial complexes, which are consumers of raw materials, energy, water, air, land and at the same time the most powerful sources of almost all types of pollution (mechanical, chemical, physical, physicochemical, and biochemical at all) [1].The mining complex, as one of the types of economic activity, is a serious polluter of the environment
During mining operations, a significant amount of harm-The main anthropogenic factors of environmental pollution include, first of all, large industrial complexes, which are consumers of raw materials, energy, water, air, land and at the same time the most powerful sources of almost all types of pollution [1].The mining complex, as one of the types of economic activity, is a serious polluter of the environment
Developed charge design allows to neutralize the harmful gases formed during the explosion, to reduce the pressure peak in the area of the rock massif close to the charge, and can be widely used in non-metallic quarries that extract minerals for the production of crushed stone
Summary
A significant amount of harm-The main anthropogenic factors of environmental pollution include, first of all, large industrial complexes, which are consumers of raw materials, energy, water, air, land and at the same time the most powerful sources of almost all types of pollution (mechanical, chemical, physical, physicochemical, and biochemical at all) [1].The mining complex, as one of the types of economic activity, is a serious polluter of the environment. Emissions of harmful substances contain both: chemicals, that are part of rocks, and substances, that are released during the explosive destruction of rocks and during the operation of machines and mechanisms used in the technology of crushed stone production. These gases are gases nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, sulfur compounds etc. The emission of these harmful substances leads to the gradual degradation of plantations, reducing their productivity and losing of stability. Under the influence of "foreign" substances for living organisms, the ultramicroscopic structure of cells of plant organisms is disturbed, the intensity of growth and productive reactions are slowed down, the life expectancy of organisms is reduced, aging processes are accelerated [4]
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