Abstract
This paper presents a new average behavioral model, named a resistor-network (RN) model, that accurately predicts the electrical characteristics of the Dickson charge pump (DCP) circuit in the slow-switching limit and the fast-switching limit regions based on steady-state analysis. The RN model describes the steady-state behavior of a single-stage DCP using a network of resistors, which can then be cascaded to model N-stage DCP, taking into account the top- and bottom-plate parasitic capacitances. The RN model provides a comprehensive insight into various design parameters of the DCP, including the input/output current, output voltage, load characteristics, losses caused by parasitics, and power efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed RN model accurately predicts the output voltage and power efficiency of the DCP over a wide range of switching frequencies, from 0.1 Hz to 1 GHz, with an error of less than 2% at the maximum power efficiency. The RN model provides designers with a simple and effective model to design DCP quickly and efficiently for a broad spectrum of applications, including energy harvesting and flash memory applications.
Highlights
Dickson charge pump (DCP) circuits are widely used to boost an input DC voltage and support a high-voltage conversion ratio (VCR) for various applications, such as flash memory [1] and energy harvesting systems [2,3]
We present a new and simple resistor-network (RN) average behavioral model that accurately predicts the electrical characteristics of the DCP, including the input/output current, output voltage, load characteristics, losses caused by the top- and Energies 2022, 15, 1899 bottom-plate capacitances, and power efficiency
The RN model describes the behavior of a single-stage DCP and can be generalized to N-stage DCP
Summary
Dickson charge pump (DCP) circuits are widely used to boost an input DC voltage and support a high-voltage conversion ratio (VCR) for various applications, such as flash memory [1] and energy harvesting systems [2,3]. SSL occurs when the switching frequency, fs, is low, causing the amount of charge transferred by the capacitors to dominate the power losses of the DCP. The transformer model can predict the electrical characteristics of the DCP, including input/output current and output voltage at low- and mid-frequency ranges [15,16]. The transformer model has multiple drawbacks; first, it fails to predict the behavior of the DCP at high frequencies due to inaccurate modeling of the losses caused by the bottom-plate parasitic capacitances. We present a new and simple resistor-network (RN) average behavioral model that accurately predicts the electrical characteristics of the DCP, including the input/output current, output voltage, load characteristics, losses caused by the top- and Energies 2022, 15, 1899 bottom-plate capacitances, and power efficiency.
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