Abstract
This research was carried out as two separate trials established in two different years to determine the effects
 of different seed ratios and harvest stages of different annual companion crop species on the hay yield and
 botanical composition of a pasture mixture under Mediterranean climate conditions. The field trials were
 established in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement in three replications. The research
 results showed that barley, annual ryegrass, and berseem clover can be utilized as companion crops in
 artificial pasture systems. The inclusion of these companion crop species in the pasture mixture resulted in an
 increase in forage yield and a significant decrease in weed infestation. While delaying the harvest stage of the
 companion crop does not have a notable effect on the proportion of legumes and weeds in the total biomass, it
 significantly enhances the dry forage yield and the proportion of grasses in the overall biomass of the mixture.
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