A representação do diverso no cinema de animação

Abstract

This book is the result of a doctoral research that sought to analyze the characters of the industrial animation cinema that present characterizations, mannerism, behavior and sexual stereotypes, which create an unknown idea about their sexualities. Animated films, often considered an exclusive product for children, do not directly address sexualities that differ from heteronormativity. For this reason, we call “diverse” those possible characters that are different from the norms of standard heterosexuality, in order to map, analyze, quantify and qualify the purpose of these representations. In the first moment, the concepts of the theoretical Stuart Hall on representational practices capable of producing ideologies, discourses and signs are applied in animation cinema and associated with anthropomorphism, which we believe to be a camouflaged way of representing such characters. Then, we characterize the “diverse” and the reasons for choosing the term, so that we can propose a debate about cinema as an instance capable of inscribing gender norms and how animation cinema acts as a media capable of proposing a cultural specific pedagogy. Then, based on the principle of similarity and difference, we mapped the “diverse” characters present in the history of animation cinema at the main North American studios: Disney, Pixar and DreamWorks. After this process, we analyze and qualify the intention of the representations of the “diverse” in the characters of animated films. Therefore, do not be alarmed when faced with classic characters such as Ursula, Genius, Scar, Timon, Pumbaa, Edna Mode, King Julien and many others who present different facets of sexuality.