Abstract
Russell, R. L. Addition strategies of third-grade children. The Journal of Children's Mathematical Behavior, 1977, 1, 149-160. Steffe, L. P., Hirstein, J. J., & Spikes, W. C. Quantitative comparisons and class inclusion as readiness variables for learning first-grade arithmetical content (Technical Report No. 9). Tallahassee, Florida: Project for Mathematical Development of Children, 1976. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 144 808) Thorndike, E. L. The psychology of arithmetic. New York: Macmillan, 1924. Thornton, C. A. Emphasizing thinking strategies in basic fact instruction. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1978, 9, 214-227. Woods, S. S., Resnick, L. B., & Groen, A. J. An experimental test of five process models for subtraction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1975, 67, 17-21.
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