Abstract
An ultrasensitive and renewable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was developed for the detection of tumor markers by combining a newly designed trace tag and streptavidin-coated magnetic particles (SCMPs). The trace tag (RuL@SiO2-Au∼RuL-Ab2) was prepared by loading Ru(bpy)32+(RuL)-conjuged secondary antibodies (RuL-Ab2) on RuL@SiO2 (RuL-doped SiO2) doped Au (RuL@SiO2-Au). To fabricate the immunosensor, SCMPs were mixed with biotinylated AFP primary antibody (Biotin-Ab1), AFP, and RuL@SiO2-Au∼RuL-Ab2 complexes, then the resulting SCMP/Biotin-Ab1/AFP/RuL@SiO2-Au∼RuL-Ab2 (SBAR) sandwich-type immunocomplexes were absorbed on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for detection. The immunocomplexes can be easily washed away from the surface of the SPCE when the magnetic field was removed, which made the immunosensor reusable. The present immunosensor showed a wide linear range of 0.05–100 ng mL−1 for detecting AFP, with a low detection limit of 0.02 ng mL−1 (defined as S/N = 3). The method takes advantage of three properties of the immunosensor: firstly, the RuL@SiO2-Au∼RuL-Ab2 composite exhibited dual amplification since SiO2 could load large amount of reporter molecules (RuL) for signal amplification. Gold particles could provide a large active surface to load more reporter molecules (RuL-Ab2). Accordingly, through the ECL response of RuL and tripropylamine (TPA), a strong ECL signal was obtained and an amplification analysis of protein interaction was achieved. Secondly, the sensor is renewable because the sandwich-type immunocomplexes can be readily absorbed or removed on the SPCE’s surface in a magnetic field. Thirdly, the SCMP modified probes can perform the rapid separation and purification of signal antibodies in a magnetic field. Thus, the present immunosensor can simultaneously realize separation, enrichment and determination. It showed potential application for the detection of AFP in human sera.
Highlights
A Renewable and Ultrasensitive ElectrochemiluminescenceNing Gan *, Jianguo Hou, Futao Hu, Yuting Cao, Tianhua Li, Zhiyong Guo and Jun Wang
The clinical analysis of cancer biomarkers is critical to the early diagnosis of cancer and proteomics research, which will promote the understanding of cancer diseases’ related biological processes [1,2,3]
Incorporation of reporter molecules (RuL) molecules inside the silica matrix protects them from the surrounding environment, increases photostability and provides signal enhancement due to an increasing amount of RuL molecules doped per nanoparticle [29]
Summary
Ning Gan *, Jianguo Hou, Futao Hu, Yuting Cao, Tianhua Li, Zhiyong Guo and Jun Wang. The State key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material. Received: 23 June 2011; in revised form: July 2011 / Accepted: July 2011 /
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