Abstract
This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes of land surface temperature (LST) over Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria (2002 to 2016). The LST over Calabar metropolis was studied from the analysis of Landsat imageries of the investigated years (2002, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016). The results of the LST imagery were classified using standard deviation. GIS was further applied to extract the coverage ratio of each land use in the context of Land surface temperature (LST) pixels and results were presented in degree Celsius. The result of this study revealed a great variation in the mean LST for the selected period. The highest mean LST of 25.38°C was observed in 2016, followed by 2002 with mean LST of 25.32°C whereas, the least LST was observed in 2010. This study has shown that, the changing land use pattern of the area is capable of affecting certain characteristics of the environment such as surface temperature. The study recommends that effort should be made by the government to increase urban vegetation in order to reduce potential future increased in LST.
Highlights
Land surface temperature (LST) which is controlled by the surface energy balance, atmospheric state and thermal properties of the surface/subsurface rocks is one of the important parameters in several environmental models [1]
This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes of land surface temperature (LST) over Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria (2002 to 2016)
This study has demonstrated that, Land Surface Temperature (LST) values have grown from the 2002 extent to the 2016 size and their spatial extent is getting larger as urbanization intensifies
Summary
Land surface temperature (LST) which is controlled by the surface energy balance, atmospheric state and thermal properties of the surface/subsurface rocks is one of the important parameters in several environmental models [1]. Studies on LST are important to environmental studies and management of the Earth’s resources due to its ability to determine the effective radiating temperature of the Earth’s surface. With the advent of thermal remote sensing technology, observation of LST has become possible using Satellite and Aircraft platforms [4], which has provided the new direction for the observations of thermal reflectance and the study of their effects through the combination of thermal remote sensing and urban micrometeorology [5]. Methods such as Landsat TM Bands are available that can be used to examine the LST [6] [7] [8] [9]. This paper assesses the temporal and spatial changes of LST over Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria
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