Abstract
A remote Raman prototype with a function of excitation energy adjusting for the purpose of obtaining a Raman signal with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), saving power consumption, and possibly avoiding destroying a target by high energy pulses, which may have applications for Chinese planetary explorations, has been setup and demonstrated for detecting different minerals. The system consists of a spectrograph equipped with a thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector, a telescope with 150 mm diameter and 1500 mm focus length, and a compact 1064 nm Nd:YAG Q-switched laser with an electrical adjusted pulse energy from 0 to 200 mJ/pulse. A KTP crystal was used for second harmonic generation in a 1064 nm laser to generate a 532 nm laser, which is the source of Raman scatting. Different laser pulse energies and integration time were used to obtain distinguishable remote Raman spectra of various samples. Results show that observed remote Raman spectra at a distance of 4 m enable us to identify silicates, carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, water/water ice, and organics that have been found or may exist on extraterrestrial planets. Detailed Raman spectral assignments of the measured planetary materials and the feasible applications of remote Raman system for planetary explorations are discussed.
Highlights
Accepted: 7 October 2021As a powerful spectroscopic analysis technique, Raman spectroscopy that has been applied into many geoscientific areas including mineralogy, gemology, planetary analyses and space exploration, astrobiology and biomineralization, cultural heritage and archaeometry, etc., can provide accurate and detailed molecular and structural information of Earth and planetary materials
A remote Raman system with a function of excitation energy adjusting has been seldomly discussed. Based on these laboratory studies and practical planetary exploration applications related to Raman spectrometers, we aim to build a remote Raman system with a function of excitation energy adjusting
532 nm laser, which is generated by the second harmonic generationof of1064
Summary
As a powerful spectroscopic analysis technique, Raman spectroscopy that has been applied into many geoscientific areas including mineralogy, gemology, planetary analyses and space exploration, astrobiology and biomineralization, cultural heritage and archaeometry, etc., can provide accurate and detailed molecular and structural information of Earth and planetary materials. Owing to its advantages in no sample preparations, quick and non-destructive analyses, unambiguous phase identifications, as well as low-mass and robust behaviors on the mineralogy and mineral chemistries of rock and soil samples, many Raman spectroscopic studies on returned samples [1], meteorites [2] and planetary analogues [3] have been reported. In the early 1960s, remote Raman was developed and employed in the detection of gases. Several Raman systems have been proposed for either in situ or remote
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