Abstract
AbstractVaccination in COVID-19 pandemics nurtures the various security and safety issues in diverse countries. Vaccination is the process of injecting the biological product called immunization and contains a disease-causing microorganism which tonics the body’s immune system to realize the viruses as a threat and destroy it. World Health Organization (WHO) keeps track of these vaccination details. Vaccination production in big companies submits only the production records while selling. These records can be easily manipulated according to needs. This holds us back from getting exact data and knowledge about them. The existing blockchain-based vaccine production system fails to achieve the vaccine expiry issues, high operating costs, ineffective auditing, fraud possibilities, and third-party intervention. The proposed vaccine blockchain system aims to address the aforementioned security issues through end-usage details of the vaccine of batch packing record (BPR)/batch manufacturing record (BMR) maintenance during the process of vaccine circulation. The double-layered blockchain structure is designed in such a way that the first layer as private data regarding the production, circulation details, and the relating hash, and the next layer of public data of production records hash, circulation records hash, and vaccine information. The proposed Ethereum smart contracts with new multi-node cooperate consensus mechanism implements the improved vaccine detectable with time efficiency and DoS attack prevention.KeywordsBlockchainVaccine productionVaccine expirationTraceability
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