Abstract
Soft open points (SOPs) are power electronic devices which provide interconnection between two feeders in place of normally open points in electricity distribution networks. SOPs can continuously control active power flow between feeders and inject reactive power controllably at both nodes, which can be used to provide substantial capacity support to the system. This paper provides a reliability-based method to quantify the capacity value (the additional load which can be accommodated without reducing reliability) of SOPs using the Effective Load Carrying Capability method within a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). Optimization of post-fault active/reactive power injections by SOPs to minimize energy not supplied is formulated (directly in matrix form) as a second-order cone programming problem. This results in very low computational times which enables embedding of the optimization problem within the MCS. The proposed methodology is applied to a modified real-world distribution network considering three different SOP sizes (5 SOPs totalling 2.5, 5, 10 MVA) across three redundancy levels (N-1, N-0.75, N-0.5), and on an unbalanced network with distributed generation. Results demonstrate capacity values ranging from 2.4–12.84 MVA. When operating under a relaxed redundancy level, the capacity value of a given SOP capacity can more than double relative to N-1.
Highlights
S OFT OPEN POINTS (SOPs) are power electronic devices which interconnect two feeders in place of conventional switches in electricity distribution networks (DNs) [1]
A) the ELCC results for three soft open points (SOPs) sizes and three redundancy levels; B) the computational performance of the proposed model; C) a comparison with the full nonconvex availability of each circuit (AC) Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) model; D) a comparison with the capacity value provided by network reconfiguration [7]; E) the impact of circuit breaker (CB) failures on the capacity value of SOPs; and F) the impact of DG and modified X/R ratios in an unbalanced DN
This paper presents a novel reliability-based method to quantify the capacity value of soft open points using ELCC within a Monte Carlo Simulation framework
Summary
S OFT OPEN POINTS (SOPs) are power electronic devices which interconnect two feeders in place of conventional switches in electricity distribution networks (DNs) [1]. Two characteristics of SOPs, which can provide substantial benefits to the operation and planning of modern DNs, are: 1) the ability to provide continuous active power flow regulation between the interconnected feeders; and 2) the capability to inject reactive power independently at both AC terminal nodes [2]. SOPs can enhance the loadability of existing networks, thereby defering or avoiding network reinforcement [2]. This paper proposes a reliability-based framework to quantify the capacity value (the additional load that can be accommodated when they are added to the network) of SOPs
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