Abstract
Breast cancer treatments can have a negative impact on breast aesthetics, in case when surgery is intended to intersect tumor. For many years mastectomy was the only surgical option, but more recently breast conserving surgery (BCS) has been promoted as a liable alternative to treat cancer while preserving most part of the breast. However, there is still a significant number of BCS intervened patients who are unpleasant with the result of the treatment, which leads to self-image issues and emotional overloads. Surgeons recognize the value of a tool to predict the breast shape after BCS to facilitate surgeon/patient communication and allow more educated decisions; however, no such tool is available that is suited for clinical usage. These tools could serve as a way of visually sensing the aesthetic consequences of the treatment. In this research, it is intended to propose a methodology for predict the deformation after BCS by using machine learning techniques. Nonetheless, there is no appropriate dataset containing breast data before and after surgery in order to train a learning model. Therefore, an in-house semi-synthetic dataset is proposed to fulfill the requirement of this research. Using the proposed dataset, several learning methodologies were investigated, and promising outcomes are obtained.
Highlights
IntroductionWith one of the highest incidence rates of female cancer, the success of treatment really depends on diagnosing the cancer in its earlier stages [1]
Breast cancer is a widely known disease that mostly affects women around the world
As there is a deterministic correspondence between the points of the predicted and the post-surgery point clouds (PCLs) for each patient, the evaluation metric can be defined by the Euclidean point-wise distance (p2p)
Summary
With one of the highest incidence rates of female cancer, the success of treatment really depends on diagnosing the cancer in its earlier stages [1]. Treatments have progressed to have lower secondary effects, but breast cancer surgery is still a reality for most patients. Mastectomy was prescribed for almost every breast cancer case with a high rate of success for removing the tumor; this surgical option comprises the removal of the entire breast and it has a profound impact on the aesthetic appearance and self-confidence of women [2]. With the widespread of screening mammography, the average size of the detected tumors has decreased and breast conservative treatment may be appropriate for most of patients (50–75%) with breast cancer at early stages [3]. Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an important part of conservative treatment, comprising the excision of the tumor
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