A refined method of multi-target equivalent static wind loads: A bridge case

Abstract

Evaluation of equivalent static wind load has been one of the most important topics among wind engineering researches. Over the years, methodologies have been developed to evaluate the equivalent static wind load for a single-target structural response (S-ESWL here). However, it is still challenging to apply these methods to large and intricate structures. Evaluation methods based on multiple targets have then been proposed (M-ESWLs here). Unfortunately, These methods often provide erratic load patterns leading to difficulties in initial designs. This research aims to evaluate wind loads for all-target structural responses via only a few numbers of load distributions. The concept of the clustering analysis is converged with the M-ESWL methods. Similar structural dynamic responses are categorized into the same cluster. By the single value decomposition technique, the M-ESWLs are generated based on fewer load vectors. An example of a pedestrian bridge containing a curved steel arch with significant coupling features was given. Results showed that the approach proposed in this research provided fair consistencies of 528 target displacement responses with only eight load patterns. Furthermore, the load patterns showed more realistic distributions in values than the load pattern produced by the method based on the Universal Equivalent Static Wind Load. • The concept of the clustering analysis is converged with the M-ESWL methods. • A pedestrian bridge case containing significant structural coupling features was provided. • Not only target peak responses but also the non-target responses are reasonably approached. • The proposed method provides intrinsic physical meanings to load patterns for the designers.