Abstract
A reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based glucose sensor using a radio frequency (RF) signal is demonstrated. An RGO with outstanding electrical property was employed as the interconnector material between signal electrodes in an RF electric circuit, and it was functionalized with phenylbutyric acid (PBA) as a linker molecule to bind glucoses. By adding glucose solution, the fabricated sensor with RGO and PBA showed detecting characteristics in RF signal transmission and reflection. Frequency dependent electrical parameters such as resistance, inductance, shunt conductance and shunt capacitance were extracted from the RF results under the equivalent circuit model. These parameters also provided sensing characteristics of glucose with different concentrations. Using these multi-dimensional parameters, the RF sensor device detected glucose levels in the range of 1–4 mM, which ordinarily covers the testing range for diabetes or medical examination. The RGO based RF sensor, which fits well to a linear curve with fine stability, holds considerable promise for biomaterials detection, including glucose.
Highlights
Glucose sensing from blood and urine is the usual diagnosis method for diabetes, and it is used in the food industry, such as in fermentation for quality checking [1]
On the basis of the above considerations, we report here a development of the glucose sensor composed of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and Phenylboronic acid (PBA) interconnector in a radio frequency (RF) system
We demonstrated a glucose sensor using an RGO based RF system
Summary
Glucose sensing from blood and urine is the usual diagnosis method for diabetes, and it is used in the food industry, such as in fermentation for quality checking [1]. Various sensing techniques for glucose have been developed, such as fluorescence detection [2], electrochemistry [3], and surface-enhanced Raman scattering [4] Such techniques needed a mediator including enzymes or antibodies, which result in signal loss with electron- or photon-scattering [5,6]. To overcome this limitation, a single wall carbon nanotube with a high electrical property was employed as an interconnector in the sensor, which detected glucose with pico-molar sensitivity [7,8]. AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhee pprrooppeerrttyy ooff iinntteerrccoonnnneeccttoorr mmaatteerriiaall,, SS--ppaarraammeetteerrss wweerreechchaannggeded; i;nitnritnrisnicsiGc OGhOadhsaidmisliamr iclhaarrachctaerraiscttiecrsistotictshetooptehnecoirpcuenit,cRirGcOuita,nRdGPOBAa/nRdGPOBsAh/oRwGeOd showed RGO dominant S11 and S21 results (Figure S1). S-parameter r eCCAAsultDsBDB, th==os22eS1S1f221o1 u rZZ11p0 ((a((11((r11−−a−−mSSS1S12e21111t11++e))r22SSs−2−2221w1)S)Se22221r1)e) caZZl0c0(((u(11((1l1−−a++tSSe1S1S2d21111221+1+w))2S2Si−t2−222h11)S)St222h211e following equation (1) (1)
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