A recursive multi-head graph attention residual network for high-speed train wheelset bearing fault diagnosis

Abstract

Wheelset bearings are a core component of high-speed trains, and their fault diagnosis is the key to smooth operation. Deep learning is widely used in fault diagnosis due to its powerful classification ability. To explicitly fit the features of vibration signals and further explore the relationship between the signals, the graph attention network (GAT) is becoming a focus of research. Unlike traditional graph neural networks, GATs can focus on edges with stronger correlations with vertices, making the model more powerful when fitting graph samples in non-Euclidean space. However, existing GATs have two limitations. Firstly, most graph construction methods do not consider the characteristics of vibration signals, so the graph interpretation is not good. Secondly, the existing methods of graph attention coefficient cannot effectively reflect the importance of edges. To address these issues, a recursive multi-head graph attention residual network (RMHGARN) is proposed. In RMHGARN, vibration signals are transformed into recurrence graphs due to the recursive nature of nonlinear time series. A multi-kernel Gaussian symmetric graph attention mechanism is proposed to obtain the Hilbert spatial distribution between neighboring vertices. In addition, a graph encoding module is proposed to improve the feature representation of input samples. The effectiveness and superiority of RMHGARN under strong noise samples are verified using three wheelset bearing datasets.