Abstract
A begomovirus resistance gene pepy-1, which encodes the messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota, was identified in pepper (C. annuum) through map-based cloning and functional characterization. Pepper yellow leaf curl disease caused by begomoviruses seriously affects pepper (Capsicum spp.) production in a number of regions around the world. Ty genes of tomato, which confer resistance to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus, are the only begomovirus resistance genes cloned to date. In this study, we focused on the identification of begomovirus resistance genes in Capsicum annuum. BaPep-5 was identified as a novel source of resistance against pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) and pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus (PepYLCAV). A single recessive locus, which we named as pepper yellow leaf curl disease virus resistance 1 (pepy-1), responsible for PepYLCAV resistance in BaPep-5 was identified on chromosome 5 in an F2 population derived from a cross between BaPep-5 and the begomovirus susceptible accession BaPep-4. In the target region spanning 34kb, a single candidate gene, the messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota, was identified. Whole-genome resequencing of BaPep-4 and BaPep-5 and comparison of their genomic DNA sequences revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (A to G) located at the splice site of the 9th intron of CaPelota in BaPep-5, which caused the insertion of the 9th intron into the transcript, resulting in the addition of 28 amino acids to CaPelota protein without causing a frameshift. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaPelota in the begomovirus susceptible pepper No.218 resulted in the gain of resistance against PepYLCIV, a phenotype consistent with BaPep-5. The DNA marker developed in this study will greatly facilitate marker-assisted breeding of begomovirus resistance in peppers.
Highlights
Five domesticated species of Capsicum have been identified to date, among which Capsicum annuum is economically the most important around the world (Pickersgill 1997; Bosland and Votava 2000)
Ty genes of tomato, which confer resistance to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus, are the only begomovirus resistance genes cloned to date
We focused on the identification of begomovirus resistance genes in Capsicum annuum
Summary
Five domesticated species of Capsicum have been identified to date, among which Capsicum annuum is economically the most important around the world (Pickersgill 1997; Bosland and Votava 2000). In 2019, 4.3 million tonnes of dried pepper fruits and 38 million tonnes of fresh pepper fruits were produced in the world (FAOSTAT). In Indonesia, 2.6 million tonnes of fresh market pepper fruits were produced. The genus Begomovirus encompasses 424 virus species, which carry a circular single-stranded DNA genome encapsulated in twinned icosahedral particles and rely on whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) as vectors for plant-to-plant transmission (ICTV 2019). Most begomoviruses exhibit bipartite genomes composed of two circular DNA components (A and B) of approximately 2,800 nt each (Hanley-Bowdoin et al 2013). Monopartite begomoviruses carry only a DNA A-like genome component
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