A Recent Survey of SVD- and DWT-Based Digital Image Watermarking Theories and Techniques: A Review

Abstract

AbstractDigital image watermarking is one of the largest research fields, and it plays a vital role in digital information authentication and security. Based on the study of watermarking systems, the whole process may be segregated into the processes of watermark embedding and extraction. In this paper, a review of the theoretical and experimental analysis and performance measurement of representative digital image watermarking systems in spatial and transform domains is presented. The significant characteristics of the digital image watermarking scheme are robustness, capacity, imperceptibility, the security of the hiding place, and false-positive of the watermarking algorithm. Comparison of the different watermarking techniques such as the least significant bit (LSB), singular value decomposition (SVD), the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented in a tabular form. A detailed discussion along with an algorithm for digital image encryption/decryption through embedding and extraction is given. A brief comparison of their relative advantages and disadvantages is also noted in this paper.KeywordsInformation hidingWatermarkingSecurityAttacksRobust