A recent review on transungual drug delivery system

Abstract

The transungual drug delivery system refers to the administration of drugs through the nail plate to treat various nail disorders such as fungal infections, psoriasis, and nail dystrophies. The nail plate is a challenging barrier for drug penetration due to its highly keratinized and tightly packed structure, which limits the permeation of topically applied drugs. Owing to several problems associated with oral therapy, topical therapy remains a preferred treatment option for nail infections due to less side effects, and cost-effectiveness. On the other hand, the drugs that have low permeability across the nail plate highlight the need for further research in this area. Researchers working on various aspects to increase drug penetration across the nail plate, which include the use of chemical penetration enhancers, mechanical methods, and physical methods. Recent advances in transungual drug delivery systems have led to the development of antifungal nail lacquers that can penetrate the nail plate and effectively treat nail infections. Other transungual drug delivery systems under investigation include microneedles, ultrasound, and laser-assisted treatment, which can create micropores in the nail plate allowing higher drug delivery. This indicates the potential of research on transungual drug delivery systems. By understanding the anatomy of the nail, utilizing appropriate penetration-enhancing methods, and selecting appropriate drug formulations, the effectiveness of the system can be developed and utilized.