Abstract
As populations grow, global energy consumption in the next 30 years is predicted to rise by nearly 50%. Nowadays and many years before, the most energy worldwide is provided by fossil fuel which leads to severe pollution and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Hydrogen is the most ideal alternative clean energy, but currently, there is no significant hydrogen production from renewable sources. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new photocatalysts which will allow a water splitting for hydrogen production.
Highlights
As populations grow, global energy demands together with their potential environmental impact are expected to increase even more in the coming years
Nowadays and many years before, the most energy worldwide is provided by fossil fuel which leads to severe pollution and contributes to the greenhouse effect
Some investigations show that introduction of Ti3+ atomic defects is beneficial for the photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation
Summary
Global energy demands together with their potential environmental impact are expected to increase even more in the coming years. In 2010, fossil fuels provided about 80% of all primary energy worldwide [2]. The combustion of fossil fuels lead to severe pollution and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Climate is a main driver for hydrogen in the energy transition. Limiting global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius (°C) requires that CO2 emissions decline by around 25% by 2030, from 2010 levels, and reach net zero by around 2070 (IPCC, 2018) [3]. For a reasonable likelihood to stay below 1.5 °C of warming, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions should decline by around 45% by 2030, from 2010 levels, reaching net zero by around 2050 [3]
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