Abstract
Buildings' sustainability is one of the crucial parts for achieving urban sustainability. Applied to buildings, life-cycle assessment encompasses the analysis and assessment of the environmental effects of building materials, components and assemblies throughout the entire life of the building construction, use and demolition. Estimate of carbon emissions is essential and crucial for an accurate and reasonable life-cycle assessment. Addressing the need for more research into integrating analysis of real-time and automatic recording of key indicators for a more accurate calculation and comparison, this paper aims to design a real-time recording model of these crucial indicators concerning the calculation and estimation of energy use and carbon emissions of buildings based on a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based system. The architecture of the RFID-based carbon emission recording/tracking system, which contains four functional layers including data record layer, data collection/update layer, data aggregation layer and data sharing/backup layer, is presented. Each of these layers is formed by RFID or network devices and sub-systems that operate at a specific level. In the end, a proof-of-concept system is developed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed architecture and demonstrate the feasibility of the design. This study would provide the technical solution for real-time recording system of building carbon emissions and thus is of great significance and importance to improve urban sustainability.
Highlights
The global climate is being affected by the emissions of greenhouse gases, of which the most significant is carbon dioxide (CO2) from human development [1,2,3]
Addressing the need for more research into the integration and automatic recording of key indicators for a more accurate calculation and comparison, this paper aims to design a real-time recording method as well as transfer and sharing model of these crucial indicators from the perspective of whole life cycle concerning the calculation of energy consumption and carbon emissions of sustainable buildings based on a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system
This study provides a technical solution for a real-time recording model of key calculation and estimation indicators for energy consumption and carbon emissions and is of great significance and importance to improve building sustainability
Summary
The global climate is being affected by the emissions of greenhouse gases, of which the most significant is carbon dioxide (CO2) from human development [1,2,3]. Buildings are one of the main factors of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and it is of great urgency in regards to environment protection and sustainable development to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from buildings [4,5]. Estimation of carbon emissions is essential and crucial for an accurate and reasonable life-cycle assessment. It is pointed out that accurate analysis of urban carbon cycle and its interactions with other global or regional ecosystems is going to be crucial for predictions of future trajectories of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global climate change [2]. Some crucial indicators in the process of calculation such as the quantities of certain materials, transport distance, electricity use and so on are either over-estimated or under-estimated in the analysis as no official bill of materials prepared by the designers or builders of the buildings is typically available, causing both the uncertainty of the calculation results and the comparison results based on different building structures and even different stages [1,5,6,7]
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