Abstract
The timely sharing and interoperation of multi-source cross-sectoral information is an important issue for a Geographic Information System (GIS). To study this issue, a real-time and open GIS model called GeoSensor is proposed in this work. GeoSensor integrates the real-time GIS model, real-time computation framework, and Open Geospatial Consortium services. This paper illustrates the system architecture and the implementation methods of the GeoSensor. One of the methods developed is the conceptual mapping of a real-time GIS data model to open GIS models and services and a real-time computation framework. The other method developed is the integration of open GIS services, a real-time computation framework, and hybrid databases. The GeoSensor was tested in a case study of building a smart river. In the case study, a comprehensive sensor web was constructed and integrated with the real-time information on rainfall, beacon, channel, sediment, and water levels derived from space-based sensors, air-borne sensors, and underground sensors from multiple sectors in the Yangtze River basin. The GeoSensor manages the comprehensive sensor web with 32 types of sensors and more than 10 billion observation records. Three application systems were developed based on the GeoSensor to manage flood control, hydropower production, and navigation of the Yangtze River. The results of the three application systems show that the real-time and open system improves the management efficiency of the Yangtze River. This system is promising for managing smart rivers.
Highlights
With the development of information technologies and application requirements, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is undergoing profound changes
To develop a real-time and open GIS, emerging related information technologies and geospatial information technologies, e.g., real-time GIS data models, real-time computation technology, and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) service technology may provide us with a new way to think about this issue
The system enhances the efficiency of the daily management of the Yangtze River waterway, the public service level, and emergency response capabilities, which meet the demands for navigation safety
Summary
With the development of information technologies and application requirements, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is undergoing profound changes. The OGC specifications are widely used, e.g., by the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) program [20] and the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) program [21], and developed, e.g., the 52◦ North software [22] These efforts bring us closer to real-time GIS and open GIS, but a real-time and open GIS that integrates both real-time technologies and open specifications in a GIS is seldom developed. To develop a real-time and open GIS, emerging related information technologies and geospatial information technologies, e.g., real-time GIS data models, real-time computation technology, and OGC service technology may provide us with a new way to think about this issue. For a real-time GIS, the challenge is managing real-time data and moving features, dynamic spatiotemporal processes, and online services compared with traditional GIS. TThhee rreesstt ooff tthhiiss ppaappeerr iiss oorrggaanniizzeedd aass ffoolllloowwss:: mmeetthhooddss aarree iinnttrroodduucceedd iinn SSeeccttiioonn 22,, uusseeffuull ccaasseess ooff tthhee ssyysstteemmaarereddesecsrcirbiebdedininSeSceticotnion3, 3th, ethreesurelstsulatns danddiscduisssciuosnssioanrse aorffeeroefdfeirnedSeicntioSnect4i,oannd, caonndccluosnicolnussiaornessaurme msuamrimzeadriiznedSeicntiSoenct5ioanlo5ngalownigthwoiuthtlooouktlsofookrsfufotrurfuetwuroerkw. ork
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