Abstract
Model simulation and control of pumped storage unit (PSU) are essential to improve the dynamic quality of power station. Only under the premise of the PSU models reflecting the actual transient process, the novel control method can be properly applied in the engineering. The contributions of this paper are that (1) a real-time accurate equivalent circuit model (RAECM) of PSU via error compensation is proposed to reconcile the conflict between real-time online simulation and accuracy under various operating conditions, and (2) an adaptive predicted fuzzy PID controller (APFPID) based on RAECM is put forward to overcome the instability of conventional control under no-load conditions with low water head. Respectively, all hydraulic factors in pipeline system are fully considered based on equivalent lumped-circuits theorem. The pretreatment, which consists of improved Suter-transformation and BP neural network, and online simulation method featured by two iterative loops are synthetically proposed to improve the solving accuracy of the pump-turbine. Moreover, the modified formulas for compensating error are derived with variable-spatial discretization to improve the accuracy of the real-time simulation further. The implicit RadauIIA method is verified to be more suitable for PSUGS owing to wider stable domain. Then, APFPID controller is constructed based on the integration of fuzzy PID and the model predictive control. Rolling prediction by RAECM is proposed to replace rolling optimization with its computational speed guaranteed. Finally, the simulation and on-site measurements are compared to prove trustworthy of RAECM under various running conditions. Comparative experiments also indicate that APFPID controller outperforms other controllers in most cases, especially low water head conditions. Satisfying results of RAECM have been achieved in engineering and it provides a novel model reference for PSUGS.
Highlights
With the coming of the low-carbon era, the proportion of electricity generated by intermittent renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic power, wind power, and biomass energy, has been growing [1,2,3]
This paper presents a real-time accurate equivalent circuit model (RAECM) of pumped storage unit (PSU) attached to an adaptive predicted fuzzy PID controller (APFPID) controller
For integrated the online the semi-physical simulation equipment is composed of DSPrecording and a fully isolated simulation, the equipment is treated as a digital PSU connected with the governor through digital array device, which has online simulation and on-site recording functions
Summary
With the coming of the low-carbon era, the proportion of electricity generated by intermittent renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic power, wind power, and biomass energy, has been growing [1,2,3]. Based on the research introduced above, further studies can proceed in the following aspects, which are the features of this paper: (1) A completely nonlinear PSU model ensuring accuracy and real-time simulation should be proposed so that the closed-loop system of semi-physical simulation consisting of a digital PSU and physical governor can simulate the extreme operating conditions to reduce the cost of commissioning and operational risks in engineering. (3) SIMSEN software can realize a completely nonlinear model of PSU, but the form of the mathematical equation set is skipped [22,23] Such highly integrated commercial software cannot satisfy the requirements of controlling optimization, stability analysis, parameter identification, and synchronous online simulation in engineering.
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