Abstract
A realized Tuber magnatum niche, in the upper Sinni area (Serrapotamo, south Italy), was studied using geographic information system, direct in situ survey and genetic diversity at DNA marker loci. Truffieres were north facing, associated with a fine loamy-sandy soil bearing high carbonate content over a conglomerate bead-rock substrate. Target area is located in Pavari's cold and medium-cold Lauretum phithoclimatic belts. Ascoma genomic DNA was analyzed and ITS sequences, microsatellites (MA2, MA4 and MA7), along with M13 minisatellite loci, did show low heteozygosity (HE = 0.153). Serrapotamo genotypes did not express localized markers when compared with Piemonte (north Italy) genetic material. ITS marker, monomorphic within T. magnatum, was efficient at distinguishing T. borchii in a mixture of both. Serrapotamo niche represents a unique T. magnatum diversity spot in the southernmost side of the Mediterranean region. Maintaining Serrapotamo T. magnatum diversity by undertaking conservation measures is adviced.
Highlights
The range of favorable environmental conditions under which an organism can survive and reproduce itself can be predicted for the most important wood tree and domesticated crop species [1,2,3]
The knowledge of hypogean mushroom species that live in symbiosis with the surface roots of many plant species, collectively known as truffles, would be enhanced by integrating the niche concept and genetic diversity data
Fifty-three T. magnatum specimens were collected with the help of trained dogs, in different sites from natural or quasi-natural truffle fields located in the territory of the following municipalities (Serrapotamo area): Chiaromonte, Calvera, Castronuovo, Fardella, Francavilla S., Teana, Carbone, Episcopia and S
Summary
The range of favorable environmental conditions under which an organism can survive and reproduce itself (fundamental niche) can be predicted for the most important wood tree and domesticated crop species [1,2,3]. The knowledge of hypogean mushroom species that live in symbiosis with the surface roots of many plant species, collectively known as truffles, would be enhanced by integrating the niche concept and genetic diversity data. T. mesentericum Vitt.) whose environmental optimal growing conditions (e.g. soil, climate and vegetation) show a wider range of variation than the more specialist T. magnatum Pico. Artificial truffières are dictated by validated protocols of plant inoculation, cultivation and truffle harvesting with trained dogs [6]. Predicting T. magnatum fundamental niche is not so far possible. Truffle market involves about 400 millions of euro and hundreds of harvesters holding a regular license [7]
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