Abstract
A realistic three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the human headhas been developed. Separate layers for the scalp, skull, cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) and brain were modelled. Hexahedral elements, a special mastermatrix assembly technique and an iterative successive over-relaxation (SOR)solution scheme were employed. This approach enabled rapid modelling withminimal memory requirements, which makes this method practical if used forelectrical impedance tomography (EIT) or source localization inverseproblems. Compared to scalp electrodes, subdural voltage sensing electrodeswere three to four times more sensitive close to an oedema or sourceregion, if it was peripheral, but this decreased to 30%-40% for centraloedema or source regions. Scalp current injecting electrodes arepreferable, since the maximum allowable current is 10 times larger thanthat of the subdural ones. The distance of voltage sensing electrodes froma region to be imaged highly affects sensitivity, so depth electrodes willbe more sensitive, provided that they are close to the region of interest.Finally, the electrode size has significant effects on the input ortransfer impedance.
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