Abstract
LoRa technology draws attention for its use in industrial monitoring and control systems in which each end device or task is required to send data periodically to a (cloud) server. Despite its provision of a stable link, it suffers from data loss by signal suppression and interference. A real-time LoRa protocol is proposed that uses a slot scheduling to remove collision and device or node grouping based on signal attenuation to deal with signal suppression. Based on the definition of a frame-slot structure, a logical slot indexing algorithm is devised to tag a logical index to each slot. The logical indices enable the easy allocation of slots to nodes such that if each node sends data in the allocated slots, it can satisfy time constraint. To handle external interference caused by other networks, the protocol uses a multiple listen-before-talk (mLBT) mechanism that allows channel detection multiple times within one slot. Our protocol is compared analytically and experimentally with other ones to show its superior throughput and reliability against signal suppression and interference.
Highlights
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in industrial monitoring and control systems has some requirements such that data has to be delivered in a real-time and reliable manner [1]
According to one study [14], it was shown that packet delivery rates (PDRs) by analytical model are lower than ones by simulation that reflects capture effect by up to 40% depending on traffic
A real-time LoRa protocol was proposed for the use in industrial monitoring and control applications
Summary
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in industrial monitoring and control systems (hereafter abbreviated as IMOCSs) has some requirements such that data has to be delivered in a real-time and reliable manner [1]. This approach used an offline slot schedule in simulation without relying on any specific mechanism for slot assignment They do not address the problem of the signal suppression effect that often makes parallel data transmission using different SFs impractical. In [30], a server collects MAC addresses from nodes and based on the analysis of those MAC addresses, determines a proper frame size such that if every node selects a slot in the frame by using its own MAC address in a distributed manner, no nodes are assigned the same slot This approach can reduce scheduling overhead; it may waste many slots since it has to increase the frame size sufficiently so that every node can choose a distinct slot. A real-time LoRa protocol is proposed that employs an efficient slot scheduling method to deal with the issues in industrial LoRa networks.
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