Abstract
ABSTRACT Impact loading plays a key role in the pathophysiology of running-related injuries. Providing real-time feedback may be an effective strategy to reduce impact loading; however, it is currently unclear what an effective training method to help runners achieve a habitual low loading rate is. We subjected 20 healthy non-runners to a structured sequence of direct and indirect biofeedback designed to facilitate broader exploration of neuro-mechanical workspace for potential movement solutions (indirect feedback on cadence and foot-strike angle) and to refine and converge upon an optimal sub-set of that space to match the task goal (direct feedback on loading rate). While indirect biofeedback on foot-strike angle yielded a lower impact load than providing direct biofeedback on loading rate, compared to indirect biofeedback on foot-strike angle, providing direct feedback on loading rate statistically increased (+58%, p = 0.007) the range of goal-relevant solutions participants used to lower their impact loading. Results showed that structured feedback was effective in increasing the range of input parameters that match the task goal, hence expanding the size of goal-relevant solutions, which may benefit running performance under changing environmental constraints.
Highlights
Compiling evidence indicates that ground-to-limb impact load ing plays a key role in the pathophysiology of running-related injuries (Bredeweg et al, 2013; Pohl et al, 2009; Zadpoor & Nikooyan, 2011; Zifchock et al, 2008)
In a recent prospective study, Davis, et al (Davis et al, 2015) reported that high loading rates distinguish between runners that would not get injured and those that would acquire a positive diagnosis of a runningrelated injury
The multiple compar isons analysis showed that loading rate in baseline condition (BSL) was significantly higher than footstrike angle (FSA) (p < 0.01, delta = 62 [LI = 39, UI = 86]), LOAD1 (p < 0.01, delta = 35 [LI = 7, UI = 63]) and LOAD2 (p < 0.01, delta = 54 [LI = 28, UI = 80]); loading rate in FSA was signifi cantly lower than CAD (p = 0.01, delta = −37 [LI = −67, UI = −7]) and LOAD1 (p < 0.01, delta = −27 [LI = −47, UI = −8])
Summary
Compiling evidence indicates that ground-to-limb impact load ing plays a key role in the pathophysiology of running-related injuries (Bredeweg et al, 2013; Pohl et al, 2009; Zadpoor & Nikooyan, 2011; Zifchock et al, 2008). In a recent prospective study, Davis, et al (Davis et al, 2015) reported that high loading rates distinguish between runners that would not get injured and those that would acquire a positive diagnosis of a runningrelated injury. Determining an effective training method to help runners achieve a habitual low loading rate requires more research
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