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Abstract
When a point source detonation occurs, high temperature and pressure gases are released and then propagate through the open atmosphere as a blast wave. This leads to an explosive sound in the form of environmental noise, which has been known to cause hearing damage to nearby residents surrounding the explosion area. In an effort to reduce such noise levels, explosion test sites are installed with sound barriers to mitigate and minimize the noise associated with the blasts. In this study, realistic explosion pressure was calculated at an initial detonation source inside a concrete sound barrier, and a numerical prediction was made to evaluate the environmental noise propagation in an actual terrain. In particular, we applied the concrete equation of state to the governing conservation equations for a spherical detonation in a confined geometry and compared the experimental data taken within 3 m from the test site and a few kilometers away from the sound source. Moreover, the amount of noise reduction was predicted by first considering the absorbed explosion pressure by the sound barrier, which later dissipated at a far distance at which the noise propagation in an actual terrain was compared with the measurements.
Highlights
High explosives are frequently used for a variety of purposes in construction and military applications
Yu et al.2 conducted a pressure attenuation study in a gap test to characterize the inert material under a shock loading so as to estimate the amount of pressure loss across a solid boundary subjected to detonations by common high explosives, such as cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX) and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
The in-house developed code is described by the ignition and growth reaction model of a detonating charge, which is solved along with the hydrodynamic equations for estimating the blast pressure. To simulate such point source expansion from an explosion source, the full process of initiation and detonation of a high explosive charge is modeled based on the calibrated rate law with the appropriate equation of state (EOS), which gives rise to both pressure and temperature rises, while both blast wave and subsequent acoustic waves are generated into the open air
Summary
High explosives are frequently used for a variety of purposes in construction and military applications. Even at points the same distance from an explosion source, the level of noise one detects may be different. This is because the generated pressure from an explosion is absorbed and reflected by the surrounding terrain. It is necessary to best describe such terrain effects in determining the noise level at various distances away from the source. The present reactive hydrodynamic solver uses the Eulerian hydrodynamic method to determine the conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and reactive species for high explosive detonation, and it has the advantage of accurately calculating the physical quantities that change over time, as both the gas and solid phases are considered simultaneously. The Jones–Wilkins–Lee (JWL) parameters for such composite explosives were determined using the thermo-equilibrium code, Cheetah.
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