Abstract
In support of the Heard Island experimental effort, the influence of mesoscale and seasonal ocean variability on three-dimensional acoustic ray paths from Heard Island through the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the California coast is investigated. For the simulation of these global acoustic ray paths, a three-dimensional Hamiltonian ray tracing code is used. The input sound-speed fields to the acoustic ray model are interpolated from gridded temperature and salinity output data from the Semtner–Chervin eddy-resolving, global, general circulation model. A previous ray analysis was conducted using ocean fields containing only the mesoscale variability. This analysis provided input to experimental planners for receiver placement off the California coast [C. S. Chiu and A. J. Semtner, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 88, S92–S93 (1990)]. Here, a new analysis is presented that includes the acoustic effects of ocean seasonal cycles. In particular, the variability of the paths, arrival azimuthal angles, and travel times are discussed.
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