Abstract
A rational method for the design of sand dike/dune systems at sheltered sites is presented, focussing on the cross-shore dimensions of the sand dike in relation to the local wave climate, tidal regime and available sandy materials. The example case is the new sand dike/dune system along the south-east coast of Texel, The Netherlands. The old dike protecting the island was not sufficiently strong to withstand an extreme storm event and has been strengthened by a new sand dune/dike. Various empirical and numerical models have been used, compared and validated to determine the erosion volumes during annual conditions and extreme storm events. Potential wind-induced (aeolian) sediment transport and erosion is also studied using the modified Bagnold-equation including the effects of grain size, moisture content and vegetation. The overall design method resulted into an innovative design solution, guarantying a naturally integrated and resilient sand protection as well as optimal coastal safety.
Highlights
Future climate change with increased sea levels and more frequent storms is predicted to increase the vulnerability of coastal communities to coastal flooding
Potential wind-induced sediment transport and erosion is studied using the modified Bagnold-equation including the effects of grain size, moisture content and vegetation
This paper presents a rational method for the design and maintenance of artificial sand dike systems along sheltered coastal sites focusing on the cross-shore dimensions of the sand dike to deal with the erosion caused by cross-shore and longshore transport processes on various time scales
Summary
Future climate change with increased sea levels and more frequent storms is predicted to increase the vulnerability of coastal communities to coastal flooding. Two alternative solutions were studied: (1) a wider and higher asphalt-type dike replacing the old dike or, (2) a sand nourishment/dune in front of the existing dike called the ‘Prins Hendrikzanddijk’ (PHZD) in front of the old dike This latter solution has been selected as the best solution and consists of a straight main sand dike with crest level at +8 m NAP (NAP=Normaal Amsterdams Peil=local reference datum at about 0.1 m below mean sea level) parallel to the old dike over a length of about 3 km and an attached low-level sand spit with crest at +3 m NAP, creating a shallow lagoon in between (Figure 1). (6) Dune-beach core zone; which is the volume (Vcore) enclosed by the beach profile, the dune toe level and the original sea bottom
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