Abstract
Rapid and efficient analyses of copper ions are crucial to providing key information for Cu2+ in living cells because of their biological importance. In this study, we reported one new turn-off fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ with a benzo[k,l]xanthene core, which served as an efficient cation sensor for copper ion over a wide range of other cations (Na+, K+, Ag+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+) owing to the catechol group in the aromatic core. The sensor showed selectivity for Cu2+ over other ions; the logKβ for Cu2+ binding to compound 1 had a value of 13.265. In the presence of Cu2+, sensor 1 provided significant fluorescence decrement; Co2+, and Ni2+ caused a fluorescence decrement when employed at a higher concentration than Cu2+, while Na+, K+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+ metal ions produced only minor changes in fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence experiments demonstrate that compound 1 may have an application as a fluorescent probe for detecting Cu2+ with a limit of detection of 0.574 µM.
Highlights
The design and synthesis of fluorescent sensors with high selectivity for cations have recently received considerable attention because of the fundamental role of cations in living systems
The naturally occurring benzoxanthene lignan was synthesized according to a biomimetic antifungal agents [19], anti-inflammatory agents
Compounds with a benzo[k,l]xanthene core, may be able to recognize metal cations that are involved in biological systems or that accumulate in the environment, namely Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ [24,25]
Summary
The design and synthesis of fluorescent sensors with high selectivity for cations have recently received considerable attention because of the fundamental role of cations in living systems. Some ions such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium are involved in many biological processes, and the effective control of their levels is of fundamental importance in medicine. The development of sensitive and effective fluorescent sensors for heavy transition metal ions is of current interest These metals are used in many different industrial processes, and there is a high risk of their release into the environment; the search for methods to monitor and reveal these ions is of great relevance. In conditions that favor accumulation, copper can cause neurodegenerative diseases [1] (there is evidence regarding, for example, Alzheimer’s disease and Wilson’s disease), probably because of its involvement in the production of reactive oxygen species [2]
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